TAl L l t u
L.UVEM THI TOEFL
The H e i n l e & H e i n l e $
est A s s i s t a n t r a m ma M ila d a Broukal
Dich va chu giai G U YEN : l ie u
L E H U Y LAM fRINH QUANG THANH
N H AX U A TB A NT H A N HP H OH OC H fM IN H
TAl LIEU THI TOEFL ■
The Heinle & Heinle TOEFL Test Assistant : Grammar Ngvt phap Mjlada Broukal Glendale Community College
Djch va chu g iai
Le Huy Lam Trinh Quang Thanh
NHA XUAT BAN THANH PHO HO CHI MINH
Contents SEC T IO N A
TYPES OF STRUCTURE AND
C4c Loai Cau H6i Ve Cau True va lo i
WRJTTEN EXPRESSION QUESTIONS
Trong Van Viet
CH A PTER 1 1.
Nouns
Danh t£(
Introduction : The Brain
Gidi Thieu : B q Nao
2. Grammar : Singular and Plural Nouns
MguT Ph3p : Danh TO So It Va So Nhieu
9 10 10 11
A. Quantifiers
TO Djnh Li/ong
12
B. Compound Nouns
Danh TO Kep
13
C. Numbers
Con So
14
3. On the T O E F L le s t
Trong Bdi Thi TOEFL
IS
4.
Bai Tap ve Danh t£/
16
Exercises on Nouns
C H A PTER 2 1.
Pronouns
Introduction : Penguins
2. Grammar : Pronouns A. Subject Pronouns
Dai TO Gidi Thieu : Chim c£nh cut
18 18
NgCf Phap : Dai ti/
IV
Dai TO Chu Nguf
20 20
B. Object Pronouns
Dai TO Tuc Ti/
C. Possessive Adjectives
Tinh TO Sd HOfu
21
D Possessive Pronouns
Dai TO So Hi/u
22
E. Reflexive Pronouns
Dai TO Phan Than
22
F. Relative Pronouns
Dai TO Quan He
23
3. On the TOF.FI. Test
Trong Bai Thi TOEFL
24
4
Bai Tap Ve Dai Ti/
2S
Exercises on Pronouns
CH APTER 3 1.
Parts of a Sentence
Introduction : Phillis Wheatley
2. Grammar : Parts of a Sentence A. Subject and Verb
Cac Thanh Phan cua Cau
27
Gidi Thieu : Phillis Wheatley
27
Ngur Phap : Cac Thanh Phan Cua Cau Chu Nguf va Dpng Ti/
28 29
B. Subject and Verb Agreement
SU Phil Hop Giufa Chu Ngtir va Dong TO
C. Il and There
It va There
32
3. On the TO EFL Test
Trong Bai Thi TOEFL
33
4
Bai Tap ve Cac Thanh Phan cua Cau
34
Exercises on Parts of a Sentence
C H A PTER 4 1
Verbs
Introduction : The Olym pics
2. Grammar : Verbs
Dpng ti/ Gidi Thieu : The Van Hoi Olympic
30
36 36
Ngur Phap : Dong ti/
37
A. Tenses
Thi
37
B Modals
Dong TO Tinh Thai
41
C Passive Voice
The Thu Dong
43
I) C.erunds
Danh Dpng Ti/
44
E. Infinitives
Nguyen The
46
3. On the T O E F I Test
Trong Bai Thi TOEFL
48
4
Bai Tap ve Dong TO
49
Exercises on Verbs
2 - H & H T O EFL G R A M M A R
C H A PTER 5
Prepositions
1 Introduction : Mount St. Helens 2 . Grammar : Prepositions
51
Gidi TO Gidi Thieu : Nui St. Helens
A Verb + Preposition
51 52
Ngul Phap : Gidi Ti/ Dong TO + Gidi
TO
53
TO
B. Adjective/Participle + Preposition
Tinh TO/Phan TO + Gidi
C. Noun + Preposition D Other Combinations
Danh TO + Gidi TO NhCfng Ket Hop Khac Vdi Gidi
53 54
TO
55
E. Prepositions of Time and Place
Gidi TO ve Thdi Gian va Noi Chon
55
F. Prepositions in Common
Gidi Ti/ Trong Cac Thanh Nguf ThUdng
56
with Prepositions
Expressions
Gap
3.
On the T O E F L Test
Trong B
57
4
Fxercises on Prepositions
Bai Tap ve Gidi TO
58
Mao TO
60
CH A PTER 6
Articles
1 . Introduction : Islands 2 . Grammar : Articles
Gidi Thifu : C3c QuAn Dao
60
Nguf Phap : Mao TO
61
A. The Indefinite Article A or An
Mao TO Bat Dinh A Hoac An
61
B. The Definite Article The
Mcjo TO Xac Dinh The
62
3.
On the T O E F L Test
Trong Bai Thi TOEFL
65
4.
Exercises on Articles
Bai Tap Ve Mao TO
67
C H A PTER 7
Noun Clauses
1 . Introduction : Michael Faraday 2 . Grammar : Noun Clauses A. Noun Clauses Beginning with a
M fnh De Danh TO
Whether or If
68
Nguf Phap : Menh De Danh TO Menh De Danh TO Bat Dau Bang
Question Word R. Noun Clauses Beginning with
68
Gidi Thieu : Michael Faraday
69
TO
70
Nghi Van Menh De Danh TO Bat Dau Bang Whether
71
Hoac If
C. Noun Clauses Beginning with That
Menh De Danh TO Bat Dau Bang That
3.
On the T O E F L Test
Trong Bai Thi TOEFL
72
4.
Exercises on Noun Clauses
Bai Tap ve Menh De Danh TO
73
M fnh De Tinh TO
75
CH A PTER 8
A d jective Clauses
1 . Introduction : American Indian Smoke Signals
2 . Grammar : Adjective Clauses
Gidi Thieu : Cac Tin Hieu Bang Khoi cua
71
75
Tho Dan Chau My Ngrt Phap : Menh De Tinh
TO TO
A. Identifying Adjective Clauses
Nhan Dang Menh De Tinh
B. Omission of the Relative Pronoun
Su li/0c Bo Dai TO Quan He
C. Prepositions that Come Before
Gidi TO Dtfng Tri/dc Menh De Tinh
76 76 77
TO
78
Adjective Clauses D. Reduced Adjective Clauses On the T O E F L Test
Menh Dd Tinh TO Gian Li/oc
79
3.
Trong Bai Thi TOEFL
80
4
1'xercises on Adjective Clauses
Bai Tap ve Menh De Tinh TO
81
H & H T O EFL G R A M M A R - 3
C H A PTER 9 1.
A d verb Clauses
Introduction : Distant Galaxies
M Jn h D«! Trang Tif
83
NgCJ PhAp : Menh De Trang Ti/
83 84
A. Adverb Clause Markers
C3c Ti/ B^t Dau Menh De Trang Ti/
84
B. Reduced Adverb Clauses
M^nh De Trang Ti/ Gian LJOc
86
C. Prepositional Expressions
87
3. On the T O E F L Test
Cac ThAnh Ngtf Gidi Ti/ Trong Bai Thi TOEFL
4.
Bai T a p Ve Menh De Trang Ti/
2. Grammar : Adverb Clauses
Exercises on Adverb Clauses
C H A P T E R 10 1.
Gidi Thieu : CAc Ngan HA Xa XAm
Prepositional Phrases
Introduction : Land Art
Cum Gidi Tfr Gidi Thieu : Nghe Thuat Tao Hinh Dua
88 89 91 91
Theo Dja Hinh 2. Grammar : Prepositional Phrases
Nguf PhAp : Cym Gidi Ti/
92
3. On the T O E F L Test
Trong BAi Thi TOEFL
95
4.
BAi T a p Ve Cgm Gidi Ti/
95
Exercises on Prepositional Phrases
C H A P T E R 11 1.
Com paratives and Superlatives
Introduction : Violins
2. Grammar : Comparatives and Superlatives A. The Comparative and Superlative of Adjectives B. The Comparative and Superlative of Adverbs C. Other Forms of the Comparative 3. On the T O E F L Test 4.
Exercises on Comparatives and Superlatives
C H A P T E R 12 1.
Conjunctions
Introduction : The Soya Bean's Industrial Uses
2. Grammar : Conjunctions A. Coordinating Conjunctions B. Correlative Conjunctions
So Sanh TuOng Doi Va So Sanh Tuyet Doi
97
Gidi Thieu : VT cam
97
Ngtf Phap : So SAnh Ttfong Doi vA
98
So SAnh Tuyet Doi So Sanh Ttfong Doi va So SAnh Tuyet Doi cua Tinh Ti/
98
So Sanh Ttfong Doi vA So SAnh Tuyet
100
Doi cua Trang Ti/ Cac Dang So Sanh Ttfong Doi Khac
101
Trong BAi Thi TOEFL
102
Bai Tap Ve So SAnh Ttfong Doi vA So Sanh
102
Tuyet Doi Lien Tif Gidi Thieu : CAc L/ng Dung Trong Cong Nghiep cua Dau NAnh Ngtf PhAp : Lien Ti/ Lien Ti/ Ket Hop Lien Ti/ Ttfong Lien
104 104 105 105
3. On the T O E F L Test
Trong Bai Thi TOEFL
106 108
4.
BAi Tap ve Lien Ti/
109
Exercises on Conjunctions
C H A P T E R 13 Para llel Structure 1. Introduction : Vitam in C
Cau True Dong Dang
111
Gidi Thieu : Vitamin C
111
2. Grammar : Parallel Structure
MgCr PhAp : Cau true Dong Dang
112
3. On the T O E F L Test
Trong BAi Thi TOEFL
114
4.
BAi Tap Ve Cau True Dong Dang
115
Exercises on Parallel Structure
C H A P T E R 14
W ord O rder
1 . Introduction : Computers
4 - H & H T O E FL G R A M M A R
Trat Ttf Ti/ Gidi thieu : May Vi Tinh
117 117
Ngtf PhiSp : Trat Ti/ Ti/
118
DSo Nguf Cac ti/ kh^c dtfdc dao trong bai thi TOEFL
120
3. On the T O E F L Test
Trong Bai Thi TOEFL
121
4.
Bai Tap ve D3o Ngtf
122
Dang Ti/ Gidi Thieu : Benjamin Franklin
124
Nguf Phap
125
2. Grammar : Word Order A. Inversion B. Other Words Reversed on the
118
T O E F L Test Exercises on Inversion
C H A P T E R 15 1.
Word Forms
Introduction : Benjamin Franklin
2. Grammar : Word Forms
Dang Ti/
124
A. Nouns
Danh Ti/
B. Verbs
Dpng Ti/
125 126
C. Adjectives
Tinh Ti/
127
D. Adverbs
Trang Ti/
128
3. On the T O E F L Test
Trong b^i thi TOEFL
129
4.
Bai Tap ve Dang Ti/
130
Exercises on Word Forms
C H A P T E R 16
W ord Choice and Redundancy
Stf ChQn TCf Va Stf Dung Thrta
132
Gidi thi^u : AmiSng Nguf Phap : Stf chon ti/ va siI dung thC/a
132
A. Make or Do
Make hay Do
133
B. Like/A like/U nlike C. Other/the Other/Another
Like/Alike/Unlike Other/lhe Other/Another
134
D. So/Such/Too
So/Such/Too
136
E. M u ch /M any/Few /Little
Much/Many/Few/Little
136
F. Other Commonly Confused Words
Cac ti/ thtfdng gay nham Ian khac
137
G. Redundancy
Sif dung thi/a
138
3. On the T O E F L Test
Trong Bai Thi TOEFL
139
4.
Bai Tap ve si/ chon ti/ va stf dung thi/a
139
1.
Introduction : Asbestos
2. Grammar : W ord Choice and
133
Redundancy
Exercises on W ord Choice and
135
Redundancy SEC T IO N B
STRUCTURE AND WRI1TEN
Cac: Bai Thtfc Hanh ve
EXPRESSION PRACTICE
vani Viet
141
TESTS P R A C T IC E T E S T 1
Bai Tap Thtfc Hanh 1
142
P R A C T IC E T E S T 2
Bai Tap Thtfc Hanh 2
145
P R A C T IC E T E S T 3
Bai Tap Thtfc Hanh 3
149
P R A C T IC E T E S T 4
Bai Tap Thtfc HAnh 4
152
P R A C T IC E T E S T 5
Bai Tap Thtfc Hanh 5
156
Answers
160
H & H T O EFL G R A M M A R - 5
Structure and Written Expression P h in (Cau True va Loi Trong Van Viet) cua bai thi T O E F L Phiin 2 cua bai thi T O E F L kiem tra stf hieu biet cua ban v£ ngtf phap ti^ng Anh Phan nay dtfdc chia thanh
2 dang vdi 2 loai cau hoi khac nhau.
A. Dang cau true (cau hoi 1-15) : ki£m tra
cach hoan chinh cSu.
B. Dang 16i trong van viet (cau 16-40) : phat hien ra lSi trong ttfng cau So cau hoi trong 2 dang Cau True va loi trong van viet nhtf sau : Bai thi ngiin
Bai thi dai
Cau true
15 cau
23 c3u
Ldi trong van viet
25 cau
37 cau
Tong cpng
40 cau
60 cau
Thdi ltfcfng
25 phut
35 phut
• Ngon ngtf : Ph5n 2 kiem tra loai van viet chu.in. Ngon ngtf trong ph.in nay d dang trinh trong hem ngon ngtf trong phan Nghe Hieu. Se kh 6 ng co nhtfng dang viet tit (thi du there's) hoac thanh ngtf. • Chu d£ : Cac chu d£ trong phan 2 la mang tinh chat hoc thu.it : khoa hoc ttf nhien (thidn van hoc, dia chat), khoa hoc xa hoi (nhan loai hoc, dinh dtfdng), nghe thuat (am nhac, hoi hoa). Nhtfng khong nha't thiet ban phai biet ve cac linh vtfc tren mdi tra ldi dtfoe cac cau hoi. Trong p h in 2 co mpt
sp
lidn hd vd van hoa M y va Canada. Nhtfng ban khong can phai
co kien thtfc ve chung. Ban chi c3n tap trung vao cau true cau la du; vi cho du ban biet ho3c khong biet ve cac net van hoa do thi cung khong anh htfdng dd'n diem thi • Cac diem ngtf phap : Co the bai thi co rat nhieu diem ngtf phap, nhtfng co mot so diem rat thtfctng xuyen xuat hien. M oi chtfttng trong cuon sach nay se tap trung vao 1 diem ngtf phap cu the xuat hien trong bai thi T O E FL. Chien thuat . Co
2 cach tra ldi cac cau hoi :
1. Phan tich ngtf phap cua 1 cau : Trong phan Cau true ban hay phan tich c3u de tim ra dung thanh phan con thieu. Con trong phan loi trong thanh ngtf viet, hay phan tich ngtf phap de phat hien ra loi sai 6 1 trong 4 p h in gach dtfdi. 2. Stf dung trtfc giac : Mpt so hoc vien "cam thay" 1 cau tra ldi nao do la dung. Htfdng dan ve Phan 2 : • H ay lam quen trtfdc vdi cac htfdng dan cua 2 ph5n de trong phong thi ban khdi mat thdi gian doc cac htfdng d5n do va cac cau mau. • Tra ldi tat ca cac cau : Dtfng bo trong bat ki 1 cau nao cho du ban khong biet cach tra Icti vi ban se khong bi trtf diem vdi cac cau tra ldi sai. Ban nen chon trtfdc 1 mau tu ruo do (trong 4 mau ttf A, B, C, D) de tra ldi tat ca cac cau ma ban khong biet lam, Mac suat dung se cao hctn • Stf dung thdi gian hop ly : Cho du ban cho rin g 1 cau nao do la de, van doc het ca 4 p h in tra ldi; neu khong, co the ban se lam sai vi bat can Dtfng mat thi gid su\ nghi \0 6 - H & H T O E FL G R A M M A R
cau ban khdng bicft lam. Danh dau cau do dd cuoi gid co thd se lam sau. Roi sang cau khac ngay. Khdng n£n danh qua 30 giiiy cho mdi cau.
Huttng dan phan Cau true : cau 1-15 I’han nay co 15 cau chiia hoan chinh. Chd dd trefng dai dien cho phan con thieu. Dtfdi mdi cau do la 4 phan tra ldi A, B, C, D 1 trong 4 ph.in do se lam cho cau trcV nen hoan chinh ca v& y lan ngtf phap. □ Trtfdc tien hay doc qua 4 ph3n tra ldi. • Neu cac ph5n do ng3n, ban se hinh dung duoc la se phai tim cai gi khi doc cau chtfa hoan chinh • Neu cac phan do dai, hay doc cau chifa hoan chinh trtfdc. Coi xem cau do co bao nhieu menh de, cac menh de do co du chu ngtf va dong ttf chtfa. Coi xem c.in phai co lidn ttf dd noi cac menh de do khong. Rdi hay xem 4 phan tra ldi. Neu v3n chtfa quye't dinh dtfoc phan tra ldi nao la dung, hay loai bdt td'i da cac phan tra ldi ban cho la sai, roi doan chon trong cac phan con lai. □ I’hai doc ca 4 phan tra ldi. Dtfng bao gid quye't dinh chon 1 phan tra ldi nao dd trtfdc khi doc ca 4 phan. Vi 1 sd' phan tra ldi cd the ttfcfng ttf vdi nhau nen neu khdng doc ca 4, ban se chon sai vi bat can. □
Rap phSn tra ldi ban chon vao cau chiia hoan chinh cho s5n, rdi doc kl cau do sau. Neu cau dd nghe cd ve khdng dung, ban cd the da chon sai. Neu khdng the xac dinh phan tra ldi nao la dung, hay doan chon, va lam tiep cau sau. Sau khi lam het du cac cau, neu con dif thdi gian, ban se coi lai cac cau dd sau.
□
May de y cac didu sau khi ban rap mot phan tra ldi vao cau chi/a hoan chinh cho s3n : • Phan rap vao cd the cd 1 ttf hoac cum ttf khdng can thiet. • Ph
□ Can than vd thdi gian : Dtfng bo qua nhi(§u thdi gian cho mot cau nao dd vi ban cd the se khdng con du thdi gian de lam cac cau con lai; cu the la dtfng bo qua 30 giay cho 1 cau. H ay thirdng xuyen de y den thdi gian lam bai.
Hi/dng d in phan loi trong van viet : Cau 16-30 Phan nay cd 25 cau. M di cau cd 4 ttf hoac cum ttf dtfdc gach dtfdi ky hieu A, B, C va D. Ban phai nhan ra ttf hoac cum ttf sai. • Doc nhanh ca cau Khdng nen chi doc 4 phan gach dtfdi. Ban than ttf hoac cum ttf gach dtfdi cd the la dung nhifng lai la sai khi nhm trong cau dd.
H & H T O EFL G R A M M A R - 7
• L 6i ch ic ch in n im d 1 trong 4 phan gach dtfdri, n&n dCfng tim 16i 6 cac p h in con lai trong cau. Cac p h in con lai trong cau chi d£ giup ban co cd sd dd' tim ra I6 i cr 1 trong 4 p h in gach dudi. • Neu khong tim ra 16i, hay hoi ttfdng lai cac loai 16i phd bidn nhat thtfcmg gap trong bai thi T O E F L (xem bang sau) va coi xem 1 trong cac p h in gach dtfdi co thuoc v£ cac loai 16i tren khong. • Neu v in chtfa tim ra 16i, hay loai bdt cac p h in co ve dung r6 i doan chon trong cac p h in con lai.
____________________________________ Most Common Errors in W ritten Expression * Cac loi hay g|p nhat trong phan Van viet Erro r Category
Frequency
Loai loi
Ti If xuat hi$n
Word form
21 %
Word choice
15
Verbs
12
Parallel structure
9
Pronouns
7
Singular/plural nouns Prepositions
6 6 6
Verbals (infinitives, gerunds, participles) Articles
5
Comparative and superlatives W ord order
4
Conjunctions
2 1 2
Redundancy Other types of errors
4
* Based on Bruce Rogers's analysis of 20 different exams that test takers were allowed to keep after Disclosed Test Admission.
8 - H & H T O E FL G R A M M A R
SECTIOM A T y p es of Structure and Written E xpression Questions
Cac loai cau hoi ve cau true va loi trong van viet
H & H T O EFL G R A M M A R - 9
